1 Re - presenting Geographical Information Systems
نویسنده
چکیده
The increasingly widespread use of Geographical Information Systems (GISystems, widely known as GIS) has meant that a version of ‘geography’ has been exported to many other disciplines and walks of life where this technology has been found to be useful. As an undergraduate, one of us read Applied Geography by Dudley Stamp (Stamp, 1960). It is full of ideas and examples of the applications of geography in the real world, but it has taken the better part of half a century for much of Stamp’s vision to become reality; the rest of the world – including many cognate sciences – have discovered the power of something they call ‘geography’. It is wise to treat the word with caution, however, since there are at least three ways in which ‘geography’ is used. First, and at its simplest, geography is the places and spaces on our planet. Second, in the analysis of geographic information, ‘geography’ is often used as a short hand for the spaces and distances used to explain or model some phenomenon. Third, there is the Geography of our schools, colleges and research institutes; the academic study of the previous two readings. Typically, it is the usefulness of the second usage, in turn almost entirely a consequence of the phenomenon of spatial autocorrelation, which explains the evident popularity of GISystems. In his essay in Political Geography Quarterly, Peter Taylor (1990) referred to this process as the ‘imperialism of the new geography’. In the vanguard of this imperialism has been the technology of GISystems, which Taylor paints as the villain of the piece.
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